Proposal For Planning And Managing Elements Of A Public Project Assignment

Proposal For Planning And Managing Elements Of A Public Project Assignment Proposal For Planning And Managing Elements Of A Public Project â€" Assignment Example > PROPOSAL FOR PLANNING AND MANAGING ELEMENTS OF A PUBLIC PROJECT PART 1: BUSINESS CASE A brief description/overview of the project The plans for the development and construction of XYZ car park has been in place for quite a period now. It is imperative to note that there have been numerous developments that have been made by the government in the city. Some of the key developments include social amenities such as colleges, schools, and health care centers. As such, this has led to the need for more car park facilities that enable people to park their cars efficiently and effectively (Al-Reshaid Kartam, 2005 pp. 310). This report thus, is a proposal for the development, construction, and commissioning of a small car park aimed at ensuring that the members of the public have no challenge with parking within the city. It is profound to note that there has been an increased utilization of facilities within the city. Thus, with the objective of easing congestion the local government wi th the aid of the state government rolled out the plan of developing XYZ car park. The park will be instrumental in that it will provide additional 100 new car park spaces, enhance access to social and other facilities, as well as factor in the needs of the neighboring community. To achieve success, the proposal planning has gone through all the major necessary steps. Some of the most significant steps include consultation with the partners, owners of adjourning properties, and adherence with the approval agencies. As a result, no public concern or authority concerns was not overcome during the planning process (Al-Reshaid Kartam, 2005 pp. 311). Scope statementThe scope of this project is to develop, construct, and commission XYZ car park within the City. A cost benefits analysisThe table below shows the summary of the anticipated costs: Anticipated Works Biding Contractors Quote Preparation and install of carpark including civil works, surface laying, kerbing, retaining wall, li ne marking, pedestrian walks and drainage as appropriate as well as adherence to all Development Permit Schedule of Conditions requirements. Contractor XContractor YContractor Z$280,000 - $290,000 $270,000 - $400,000 $350,000SignageContractor A$ 1,200Supply, install and testing of electrical lighting, floodlights and cablingContractor BContractor C$54,000$60,000Carpark landscaping and reticulation. Vegetation buffer zone between boundariesContractor D$50,000The expected benefits will be generated from the following key areas: tourism, local businesses, local real estate, and other benefits. The planned approximate ration of the advantages and costs is 4:1. Thus, this is a clear indication that the benefits substantially outweigh the financial costs incurred in the development of the car park. Hence, the project is economically feasible since it is profitable. Location The Car park will be located at St. Paul’s Cathedral, Melbourne as shown in the above map. The main reason for t he choice of this location is the availability of several businesses and other social amenities. Some of the most significant institutions and businesses include St. Paul’s Cathedral, Young and Jackson Veteran Pub, Swanston St. and Flinders St. , Melbourne Library Service, Anglican diocese of Melbourne, and ACMI arts Centre among other institutions and businesses. All people, who are interested in accessing these facilities will benefit once the car park is fully operational. Project Governance Project Key roles The project manager (PM) plays a significant role in the success of the car park development project. One of the important roles is to ensure that all the project stakeholders participate in all the roles and responsibilities assigned. As such, he or she also communicates with the stakeholders concerning the project activities. The project business analyst as well will work handily with the project manager in the collection, analysis, and synthesizing of the project plann ing process and other activities. In addition to the above, the BA will be instrumental in ensuring that the contractors and the procurement team operate legally and in compliance with the government authority regulations.

Taking a Look at Eleanor Roosevelt - 1858 Words

Eleanor Roosevelt is one of the most famous First Ladies in history. Although she was awkward and shy as a child, she married Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and became an influential figure to the world as well as an inspiration to women everywhere in her own right. Eleanor was more than a president’s wife; she was an eloquent speaker, delegate of the United Nations, and overall an independent woman. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884 in New York City. She grew up with a wealthy family in the Manhattan boroughs. She was the sister of two younger brothers: Elliott Jr. and Hall. Her parents, Elliott and Ann, were socialites at the top of New York’s society. Although her parents were wealthy, it did not buy them their happiness. Before Eleanor was five, her father broke his ankle while doing somersaults for the county circus. To reduce the pain of his injury, Elliott began drinking more heavily. Because of Elliott’s moodiness and depression, he set out to find a cure for himself. This separated him from all of his children, including Eleanor. Without Eleanor’s father with her, she became discouraged. Her only wish was to make her father happy. Not only was Eleanor upset over Elliott leaving; Anna was as well. Anna was furious with his decisions and started to neglect her children. Eleanor’s education was disregarded, so her mother hired h er a tutor. While this was occurring, Anna was diagnosed with an unknown illness. A few weeks after Ann had surgery, she diedShow MoreRelatedNo Ordinary Time By Doris Kearns Goodwin1688 Words   |  7 Pagesinto the personal lives of the Roosevelts. From their meetings with world leaders to problems in their marriage concerning infidelity, nothing is left unsaid. The historical novel starts with Roosevelt sitting in his bedroom, contemplating the end of the phony war that occurred before the official beginning of World War II. The novel continues with Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s attempts to aid overseas Allies while trying to prepare his own country for war and Eleanor Roosevelt’s struggle for equalRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt : A Personal And Public Life By J.945 Words   |  4 PagesReport on Eleanor Roosevelt In Eleanor Roosevelt: A Personal and Public Life by J. William T. Youngs describes the life of Eleanor Roosevelt. Anna and Elliott Roosevelt was married and gave birth to a beautiful daughter who is Eleanor Roosevelt. This biography shows the reader a description of Eleanor’s early childhood, young adult, marriage, and how she was faced with many challenges, grief, and changes throughout her years. Eleanor is one of the great First Ladies in the United StatesRead MoreHow Did Eleanor Roosevelt’s Personal Life Relate to Her Choice of Dedicating Her Life to Helping Others?1520 Words   |  7 PagesEleanor Roosevelt was born on the 11th of October 1884 and went on to be one of the most symbolic characters in the history of the United States. She was the eyes and ears of her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt and not only participated in but revolutionized her role as the First lady of America. It is important to understand that the momentous achievements Eleanor Roosev elt accomplished in her lifetime were based on the personal experiences and hardships she had to overcome throughout her life. AnnaRead MoreThe Great Depression And Women s Involvement During World War II1503 Words   |  7 Pagesunemployment, and homelessness grew in the East causing women to get more involved with the daily activities outside of the household. In â€Å"The Grapes Of Wrath† most men went to work, either in factories or on the lands, while the women stayed home. Eleanor Roosevelt became a key voice inside the White House, she took on an active role in programs and supporting women working on the home front. The hardships women faced during the Great Depression and women’s involvement in the labor force during World WarRead MoreThe Life Of Eleanor Roosevelt Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesThe Life of Eleanor Roosevelt Compared to Jill Petrasek Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman who was incomparable because of how much she had wanted to change the world. She had helped society take action by fighting for equality between all women and men, blacks and white, and many more things that she had believed in. Eleanor Roosevelt had a hard life when growing up due to the fact that his mom had died when Eleanor was at young age (Ellwood 6). This had made her have to move in withRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of the Activism and Views of Women Held by Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s and Hillary Clinton1848 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferences between the activism and views of women held by Eleanor Roosevelt in the 1930s and Hillary Clinton Since Hillary Clinton clinched the position of the First Lady, various attempts have been made to compare her activism and views of women with those of Eleanor Roosevelt. Up to the late 1990s, Eleanor Roosevelt was far much popular than Hillary Clinton. This is because he was married to a disabled husband. To this effect, Eleanor Roosevelt had to work as his Vice President. She represented theRead MoreAnalysis Of No, Trump Is Not The New Franklin D. Roosevelt855 Words   |  4 PagesNo, Trump is not the new Franklin D. Roosevelt. In todays blog, I will be talking about the similarities and differences between our president today and our president back in the 1930-40s. Believe it or not, there are some similarities. And of course some differences. I think what marks these differences is how each president decided to use their influence and power in their time as leaders of our country. http://bit.ly/2jBst2O http://bit.ly/2yU1JgJ Im going to first start off by talking aboutRead MoreThe Book Thief - Courage Theme1297 Words   |  6 PagesDemonstrated Courage throughout the Novel Eleanor Roosevelt once said â€Å"You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, I lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along. † lt;Brainyquote.comgt; Throughout the novel the Hubermanns demonstrate tremendous courage. Like what Eleanor Roosevelt says, the Hubermanns really did look fear right in the face. One example of thisRead MoreEssay Eleanor Roosevelt5218 Words   |  21 PagesELEANOR ROOSEVELT: A LIFE OF LEADERSHIP Introduction The legacy of Eleanor Roosevelt is essentially contested. To many, her role as First Lady, delegate to the UN, Democratic Party member, humanitarian and social activist immortalized her as the conscience of the nation. However critics - deriding her as a gadfly and an unfit woman - cite many flaws in her leadership capacity. Roosevelt was never elected to office. She was reluctant to assume the responsibilities of being the FirstRead More Eleanor Roosevelt Essay4235 Words   |  17 PagesEleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt’s work has made a significant impact on the interpersonal domain. Her work touched the lives of millions of Americans and influenced many aspects of American politics. She was a master of her domain, interacting with millions and breaking down many barriers. Her work can be considered creative because it was so unconventional. She took on roles that were considered untraditional for women, and with an innovative approach. I admire her work as a

Ancient Greeks And The Roman Empire - 1085 Words

â€Å"There is an old saying, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day.† However, it could also be said that, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built, by the Ancient Greeks, in a day.† (Crest) Ancient Greece was founded in 800 B.C. and was seen to be the first technical, civilized society. Within this society there were large advances in art, poetry and technology. Despite these advances Greece finally fell to the Romans in the Battle of Corinth in circa 146 B.C. and was established as a Province of the Roman Empire. This occupation, by the Empire of Rome inside of Greece was a symbolic moment of their history. The Romans witnessed the success of Greece and evidence suggests that the Romans adopted the Greek culture into their Empire with some minor changes. From a social science perspective evidence seems to suggest that Rome adopted the Grecian systems of politics, culture, and psychological influences. Greece was the first civilization to introduce the Polis, or City-st ate model. A City-state is where a city with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. With the occupation of the Greeks by the Romans, they witnessed the effectiveness and success of the City-state, thus Rome rose politically based on the City-state model much like that of Ancient Greece. Along with the presence of City-states in both the Greek and Roman civilizations, copious amounts of other political advancements in these ancient societies were so successful their systems can be seen in modern day governments. ForShow MoreRelatedAncient Greek And Roman Empires Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pageswas going on in the period. Despite being two vastly different genres of primary sources, Cicero’s letters and Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey, give some of the best ideas into life for the ancient Greek and Roman empires. Through analysis of these two works, some key similarities and differences of how both empires functioned are brought to light. During Odysseus’s travels and Cicero’s exile, both dreamt of nothing but being able to return home to the place they belonged. Calypso, who had beenRead More Ancient Greek And Roman Empire Essay518 Words   |  3 Pages Ancient Greek and Roman similarities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The ancient Greek and Roman civilizations of Europe began to progress toward a more civilized order of society. As there were no previous establishment to base their ideals on, it was understandable that there were some difficulties in their progression as a society. Although the ancient Greek and Roman governments fell, both had similar paths of creation, conquest, and destruction. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Greek societyRead MoreHow Strongly Ancient Societies Affected The Formation Of Today s Society1434 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigate how strongly ancient societies affected the formation of today’s society, by analyzing several characteristics basically originating from civilisations of Ancient Antiquity such as Greece and Rome. The civilized culture is dated back to ancient Greeks and Romans. Their contribution to philosophy, literature and politics has undeniably helped to form notions of modern Western cultures. This is because, assorted essential features in the life of Ancient Greeks and Romans which will be broadlyRead MoreThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1595 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization of Ancient Rome thrived from the sixth century BC to the fifth century AD. The Roman Empire was the second empire to conquer most of the Mediterranean Sea basin, the first being the Ancient Greeks. After taking over the former Greek Empire, the Romans assim ilated many aspects of Greek culture into their own, including the Greek Architecture. The main attributions to Ancient Roman architecture are cement, the arch, the vault, the dome and centralized road systems. The Roman ArchitecturalRead MoreAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ancient Greek society would practice beliefs and traditions that would lead to the development of advanced civilizations. It started as the Greeks beliefs which would help develop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefs. The Greeks showedRead MoreThe Origins Of Western Civilization1547 Words   |  7 Pagesfive thousand years ago, and slowly moved west into Europe. Tis history is highlighted by the rise of many different kingdoms and empires, each with contribution to modern western culture. The following essay will describe the Ancient Greece, the Assyrians and the Ancient Roman, and the legacy each has the study of weste rn civilization. Between 1100 and 387 BCE, the Greeks evolved from a very primitive agricultural society to the most important cultural and political presence in the Mediterranean worldRead MoreEssay on The Roman and Grecian Effects on Society1261 Words   |  6 Pagesin today’s society that reflect empires from early in human history. Much influence can be found from the Roman and Grecian empires, more than from any other sources. The basic forming of our own government can be traced back to the ideals that formed the Roman and Greek governments, paying attention their strengths and also to what caused the demise of those societies as well. (teachergenius.teachtci.com) Let us examine the Roman influences and facts first. Roman Governmental Influence: There wasRead MoreA Culture Can Be Characterized By Geographical Features,1092 Words   |  5 Pages A culture can be characterized by geographical features, eating habits, family, and religious beliefs. All of these can change over time. However, how it begins is the foundation for all humankind. The Ancient Greek and Roman societies emphasized religion as the heart of their life. Everything in their lives centered on their religion. Religion is a part of any society in the world. It affects people’s lives everyday. Religion is â€Å"the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especiallyRead MoreThe Roman Medicine991 Words   |  4 Pagessana in corpore sano† (Juvenal 10.356). A healthy mind in a healthy body, the Ancient Romans lived by this motto. The Ancient Romans believed that the health of the people was key to success in war and in creating a prosperous empire. Roman texts that have been gathered overtime have gre atly influenced modern medical practices and without them, modern medicine would not be as advanced as it is today. The Ancient Romans learned numerous details about the human body and applied their knowledge in waysRead MoreComparing Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman Architecture Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe two ancient civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome were the best of the best during their time periods. Ancient Greece began around 2000 B.C. by the inhabitants known as the Mycenaean’s, followed by the Minoans. The Minoans built the foundation of Greece. The Roman Empire was founded around 753 B.C. by the two twins, Romulus and Remus. Romulus ended up killing Remus and built the city of Rome on one of seven rolling hills. Architecture was very important to both civilizations and they were

Strategics Free Essays

What are the benefits of strategic  planning? Understanding the Benefits of Strategic Planning For Entrepreneurs Your venture’s goals and strategy define the purpose and competitive advantage that will set it apart from others. Your goals help define your intent, and strategy is the plan of action that describes activities for dealing with the environment and for reaching your venture’s intended goals. When combined, goals and strategies define the scope of operations and the relationship with employees, customers, competitors, and other stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The term â€Å"strategy† is widely used in the business world today. It is one of those words that people define in one way and often use in another, without realizing the difference. It is derived from the ancient Greek word meaning â€Å"the art and science of the general deploying forces for battle. † Your strategy is a plan for interacting with the competitive environment to achieve your intended goals. Some think of goals and strategies as interchangeable. For purposes of our research, goals define where your venture wants to go, and strategy defines how your venture will get there. This formal process of setting goals and creating a strategy adds legitimacy, provides employee direction and motivation, helps form decision-making guidelines, and provides criteria for your performance. In essence, the process of strategy formulation sets the general directions in which your venture’s position will grow and develop—your goals and objectives represent the ends that you are seeking to attain. Whereas the strategy is the means to these ends, strategic management is positioning and relating your venture to its environment in a way that will ensure its continued success and make it secure from surprises from competitors. This is competitive strategy, the search for a favorable competitive position in an industry, aiming to establish a profitable and sustainable position against the forces that determine industry competition. Benefits of Strategic Planning for Entrepreneurs Strategic planning is a logical, analytical process for choosing your venture’s future positions vis a vis the environment. The most common defect of entrepreneurs is myopia, a lack of long-range perspective in thinking or planning. In the sports world they say, â€Å"Luck is where preparation meets pportunity. † Lance Armstrong, a bicyclist with five consecutive Tour de France wins to his name, prepares by â€Å"thinking the race through† before he ever starts down the road. In the business world this preparation comes from strategic planning. As Michael Porter writes, â€Å"The essence of formulating competitive strategy is relating a company to its environment; the best strategy for a given firm is ultimate ly a unique construction reflecting its particular circumstances. † So look at new business venturing as a chess game. To be successful you must be able to anticipate several moves ahead in advance. Thinking about your strategy is like thinking about the scenarios of plans, for example, what to do if/when competitors come into your space. Strategic planning is the process of thinking about and creating these scenarios, and the business plan is the document that communicates the fact that you have figured it out. According to Henry Mintzberg, the key to successful strategic decision making is not just looking out into the future, but having a capacity and willingness to learn from experience. A new venture has to start somewhere, with a collective understanding of what it is supposed to be doing and where it should be going, and strategic planning aids in this learning. But entrepreneurs cannot wait until the competition is engaged before planning. The inevitable confusion that accompanies any battle and that renders the clearest plans difficult to execute is called the â€Å"fog of war,† a term first coined by the nineteenth-century Prussian general Karl von Clausewitz (1780–1831). Crafting Your Business Strategy Strategic planning is the process through which you profitably match your internal resources with shifting market demands and based on an opportunity. In a must-read article for all entrepreneurs learning about strategic planning, â€Å"Crafting Strategy† in Harvard Business Review, Mintzberg states that a business strategy should be crafted because â€Å"craft evokes traditional skill, dedication, perfection through the mastery of detail. His point is that â€Å"strategies can form as well as be formulated. † There are two key components that need to be crafted together to logically spell out, as Drucker calls it, the business purpose. The first is a coherent encapsulation of your products and services, the markets and types of customers you serve, and the benefits they derive. The second component should identify the â€Å"key activities and how they will be carried out to realize the logic for competing. It is this the tight integrat ion of the reasons for competing and for organizing lays the foundation for your venture’s competitive advantage that becomes the basis of its superiority over rivals in serving a particular market or market segments. Strategies are not set in stone. In fact, 84 percent of the CEOs leading fast-growth ventures said their business had changed target markets, even from the time when they launched. Although the business may change, the questions that drive strategic planning remain fixed. Start thinking about the following key questions: – Where are we now? – Where How to cite Strategics, Essay examples

Reflections on the First Amendment Paper free essay sample

Reflections on the First Amendment Paper Ephraim Iivula HIS/301 May 29, 2011 Kenneth Johnston University of Phoenix Reflections on the First Amendment According to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Consequently, citizens from different occupations often file legal challenges for court adjudication on perceived injustice. This paper focuses on numerous momentous cases related to three of the provisions of the First Amendment, namely freedom of speech, press, and religion. The cases as enumerated shortly represent such examples, in which citizens challenge social norms and seek for Supreme Court hearing or interpretation. In addition, the paper evaluates the rights and responsibilities that the Constitution gives American citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflections on the First Amendment Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Notable First Amendment Court Cases John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. v. Free Speech Coalition, et al. (2002) The right to freedom of speech came under scrutiny in the case of John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. versus Free Speech Coalition, et al. in 2002. In this case, the U. S. Supreme Court affirmed the Ninth Circuits judgment against the plaintiff’s broader definition of pornography in enacting the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996. This broader definition, the court finds it in contravention with the First Amendment. The Ninth Circuit reasoned that the definition of banning any depiction of pornographic materials, including films that Congress adds on the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 was overboard and as such violated the First Amendment. Supreme Court Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote: First Amendment freedoms are most in danger when the government seeks to control thought or to justify its laws for that impermissible end. The right to think is the beginning of freedom, and speech must be protected from the government because speech is the beginning of thought. FCC . v. Pacifica Foundation, (1978) This case put to test the First Amendment protections extended to a radio stations daytime broadcast. At the center of the case was comedian George Carlins Seven Filthy Words monologue. â€Å"The Supreme Court held that Section 326 of the Telecommunications Act, which prohibits the FCC from censoring broadcasts over radio or television, does not limit the FCCs authority to sanction radio or television stations broadcasting material that is obscene, indecent, or profane. Though the censorship ban under Section 326 precludes editing proposed broadcasts in advance, the ban does not deny the FCC the power to review the content of completed broadcasts. † In addition, the Supreme Court pronounced that, â€Å"broadcast materials have limited First Amendment protection because of the uniquely pervasive presence that radio and television occupy in the lives of people and the unique ability of children to access radio and television broadcasts. † Sherbert v. Verner et al. , members of South Carolina Employment Security Commission,(1963) In this case, Adell Sherbert applied to the Employment Security Commission for unemployment benefits following her dismissal from work after she refused to work on Saturdays, something forbidden by her Seventh-day Adventist faith. However, the Employment Security Commission denied her unemployment benefits stating that she lost her employment because of misconduct and therefore ineligible for benefits. On appeal, the Supreme Court of the United States contended that Sherbert’s dismissal â€Å"violates the guarantee of religious freedom contained in the First Amendment. As such, withholding Sherbert’s benefit was unlawful and therefore in breach of the religious freedom under the First Amendment. Reasons for the Supreme Court Hearing and Interpretation of Each Case In the case of John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. versus Free Speech Coalition, et al. (2002), the Supreme Court upheld the judgment because the expanded definition of the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 contravenes the provision under the First Amendment. Consequently, the appellant feared that leaving that expanded definition unchallenged in the Supreme Court curtails freedom of speech as enshrined in the Constitution. The Supreme Court interpretation became necessary as the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 led to the plaintiff’s misinterpretation of the regulation or deliberate distortion thereof to advance unlawful ends. Instead, the merit of the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 bans unethical materials depicting children and not just about any pornographic material. In the case of FCC versus Pacifica Foundation, (1978), the Supreme Court hearing became necessary to offer clarity on Section 326 of the Telecommunications Act regarding its limitations and the FCC jurisdiction. The appellant assumes Section 326 of the Telecommunications Act prevents FCC the authority to review the content of completed broadcasts. However, the Supreme Court manifested that FCC could still sanction a station broadcasting obscene, indecent, or profane materials. In the case of Sherbert against Verner et al. , members of South Carolina Employment Security Commission, et al. 1963), Sherbert’s employer denied her unemployment benefits because she refused to work on Saturdays. She claimed that this effectively impeded the free exercise of her religion. The Supreme Court found that denying Sheberts unemployment benefits, was an unconstitutional burden on the free exercise of her religion. The Supreme Court interpretation became necessary, as the First Amendment does not intend to govern the mere beliefs or opinions of people. Interference with religious practices may transpire when there is a compelling interest in refusing to accommodate religiously motivated conduct. The effect of the Supreme Court decision on American citizens The effect of the Supreme Court judgment in the case of John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General, et al. v. Free Speech Coalition, et al. (2002), is that pornography is lawful. As evident today, there is an increase in the pornography industry as there is no legal basis to ban the practice. The Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 however remains within the confines of its mandate that of protecting children, and as a result many cyber-violators have faced prosecution after its enactment. The judgment on FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, (1978) has a profound effect on day-to-day radio and television broadcasting. For example, producers particularly of television programs provide parental guidance to prevent children accesses to explicit programs but yet satisfy the viewing needs of matured viewers. This same practice finds resonance in the music and movie industry. This further promotes good social etiquette, ethics, and public decency. The extent to which the Constitution protect the right of privacy The United States Constitution fully express privacy right. However, under the Fourth Amendment, the right to privacy is inherent. As such, law enforcement agents may not search properties without appropriate search warrants. In some cases, national security supersedes privacy protection, and this happens particularly in the wake the Patriot Act. â€Å"The Patriot Act drove a stake through the heart of the Bill of Rights, violating at least six of the ten original amendmentsthe First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Amendmentsand possibly the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, as well. † J. W. Whitehead May 16, 2011. The Patriot Act after its enactment in response to the 9/11 terrorist attack has come under fire from many citizens claiming that its roving wiretaps system violates citizen rights to privacy. Even as government through the Department of Homeland Security defends the Patriot Act provisions citing national security, many citizens continue to express dissatisfaction with the process. Whitehead May 16, 2011, contends that â€Å"roving wiretaps† provision allows the FBI to wiretap phones in multiple homes without the target’s name or even phone numbermerely the possibility that a suspect â€Å"might† use the phone is enough to justify the wiretap. He further observed that â€Å"lone wolf† provision allows intelligence gathering of people not suspected of belonging to a foreign government or known terrorist organization. Moreover, Section 215 allows court-approved seizure of records and property in antiterrorism operations. In light of the above concerns, the extent to which the Constitution protects privacy right is negligible as Congress twists the legislative arm regardless of public displeasure. Screening citizens based on race, ethnicity, religious belief and justified as a means to protect the nation, have drawn reservations as it targets innocent people and groups regularly. Such investigations compromise and invade citizens’ privacy by law enforcement and as such expose the Constitutional privacy protection. Conclusion â€Å"The First Amendment of the Constitution prohibits laws that restrict personal freedom† Patterson, T. E. (2009, p. 6). The United States Constitution particularly the First Amendment ensured the protection of citizens’ rights. However, this protection is often under constant infringements. Some contraventions happen because of ignorance to the First Amendment and others for the sake of national security. As the Patriot Act shows, privacy right is not absolute particularly when national security is at stake. With reference to the above-mentioned cases, one can see that the provisions under the First Amendment receive many legal challenges. The Supreme Court interpretation and various hearings ensured that citizens freely exercise their opinions and believes. References American Library Association: Notable First Amendment court cases: Retrieved from http://www. ala. org/ala/aboutala/offices/oif/firstamendment/courtcases/courtcases. fm John W. Whitehead , May 16, 2011, Renewing the Patriot Act: Who Will Protect Us from Our Government? , Retrieved from http://www. rutherford. org/articles_db/commentary. asp? record_id=711 Patterson, T. E. (2009). The American democracy  (9th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sherbert v. Verner et al. , Members of South Carolina Employment Security Commission, et al. (1963): Retrieved from http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/curiae/html/374-398/001. ht m U. S. National Archives and Records Administration, First Amendment: Retrieved from

George Burroughs - Salem Witch Trials

George Burroughs - Salem Witch Trials George Burroughs was the only minister executed as part of the Salem Witch Trials on  August 19, 1692. He was about 42 years of age.   Before the Salem Witch Trials George Burroughs, a 1670 Harvard graduate, grew up in Roxbury, MA; his mother returned to England, leaving him in Massachusetts. His first wife was Hannah Fisher; they had nine children. He served as a minister in Portland, Maine, for two years, surviving King Philips War and joining other refugees in moving farther south for safety. He took a job as minister of the Salem Village Church in 1680 and his contract was renewed the next year. There was no parsonage yet, so George and Hannah Burroughs moved into the home of John Putnam and his wife Rebecca. Hannah died in childbirth in 1681, leaving George Burroughs with a newborn and two other children. He had to borrow money for his wifes funeral. Not surprisingly, he remarried soon. His second wife was Sarah Ruck Hathorne, and they had four children. As had happened with his predecessor, the first minister to serve Salem Villages separately from Salem Town, the church would not ordain him and he left in a bitter salary fight, at one point being arrested for debt, though members of the congregation paid his bail. He left in 1683, moving back to Falmouth. John Hathorne served on the church committee to find Burroughs replacement. George Burroughs moved to Maine, to serve the church in Wells. This was near enough the border with French Canada that the threat of French and Indian war parties was real. Mercy Lewis, who lost relatives in one of the attacks on Falmouth, fled to Casco Bay, with a group that included Burroughs and her parents. The Lewis family then moved to Salem, and when Falmouth seemed safe, moved back. In 1689, George Burroughs and his family survived another raid, but Mercy Lewis parents were killed and she began to work as a servant for George Burroughss family. One theory is that she saw her parents killed. Mercy Lewis later moved to Salem Village from Maine, joining many other refugees, and became a servant with the Putnams of Salem Village. Sarah died in 1689, probably also in childbirth, and Burroughs moved with his family to Wells, Maine. He married a third time; with this wife, Mary, he had a daughter. Burroughs was apparently familiar with some works of Thomas Ady, critical of witchcraft prosecutions, whom he later quoted at his trial: A Candle in the Dark, 1656; A Perfect Discovery of Witches, 1661; and The Doctrine of Devils, 1676. The Salem Witch Trials On April 30, 1692, several of the girls of Salem leveled accusations of witchcraft at George Burroughs. He was arrested on May 4 in Maine - family legend says while he was eating dinner with his family - and was forcibly returned to Salem, to be jailed there on May 7. He was accused of such acts as lifting weights beyond what would be humanly possible to lift. Some in town thought he might be the dark man spoken of in many of the accusations. On May 9, George Burroughs was examined by magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne; Sarah Churchill was examined the same day. His treatment of his first two wives was one subject of the interrogation; another was his supposed unnatural strength. The girls testifying against him said that his first two wives and the wife and child of his successor at Salem Church  visited as specters and accused Burroughs of killing them. He was accused of not baptizing most of his children. He protested his innocence. Burroughs was moved to Boston jail. The next day, Margaret Jacobs was examined, and she implicated George Burroughs. On August 2, the Court of Oyer and Terminer heard the case against Burroughs, as well as cases against John and Elizabeth Proctor, Martha Carrier, George Jacobs, Sr. and John Willard. On August 5, George Burroughs was indicted by a grand jury; then a trial jury found him and five others guilty of witchcraft. Thirty-five citizens of Salem Village signed a petition to the court, but it did not move the court. The six, including Burroughs, were sentenced to death. After the Trials On August 19, Burroughs was taken to Gallows Hill to be executed. Though there was a widely held belief that a true witch could not recite the Lords Prayer, Burroughs did so, astounding the crowd. After Boston minister Cotton Mather reassured the crowd that his execution was the result of a court decision, Burroughs was hanged. George Burroughs was hanged  the same day as were John Proctor, George Jacobs, Sr., John Willard and Martha Carrier. The next day, Margaret Jacobs recanted her testimony against both Burroughs and her grandfather, George Jacobs, Sr. As with the others executed, he was cast into a common, unmarked grave. Robert Calef later said that he had been buried so poorly that his chin and hand protruded from the ground. In 1711,  the  legislature  of the Province of Massachusetts Bay  restored all rights to those who had been accused in the 1692 witch trials. Included were George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacob, John Willard, Giles and  Martha Corey,  Rebecca Nurse,  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How,  Mary Easty, Sarah Wilds, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker, Martha Carrier, Abigail Faulkner,  Anne (Ann) Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury, and Dorcas Hoar. The legislature also gave compensation to the heirs of 23 of those convicted, in the amount of  £600. George Burroughs children were among those.

Turn Your Teacher Weaknesses Into Assets to Get the Job

Turn Your Teacher Weaknesses Into Assets to Get the Job One interview question that can stump even seasoned job-seeking educators is What is your greatest weakness as a teacher? This question may come at you disguised as What would you most like to change/improve about yourself? or What frustrations did you encounter in your last position? This weakness question really tags as an opportunity to Describe your strengths. Your response can tip the interview in your favor or send your resume to the bottom of the pile. Forget Conventional Wisdom In the past conventional wisdom recommended putting a spin on this question by describing an actual strength camouflaged  as a weakness. For example, you might have tried to be clever and offered perfectionism as your weakness, explaining that you refuse to quit until the job gets done right. But in responding to your weaknesses, you should should stay away from any personal qualities. Save your personal qualities such as perfectionism, enthusiasm, creativity, or patience for describing strengths. In responding to a question about a weakness, you should offer more professional traits. For example, you may recall how you noticed your attention to detail, organization, or problem-solving may have needed improvement. Once you have provided the trait, you should provide details on how you purposefully worked to address this weakness. Include any of the steps you have taken or are currently taking to mitigate this weakness. Here are two examples of how you might respond to a question about your greatest weakness. Corrected Weakness: Organization For example, you can state that you have been less excited about the amount of paperwork that comes along with a classroom of students. You may admit that in the past you tended to procrastinate on assessing classwork or homework. You can also admit to having found yourself on more than one occasion scrambling to catch up right before the grading period ended. You might feel like your honesty leaves you vulnerable. But, if you go on to explain that in order to combat this tendency, you set a schedule for yourself this past school year that dedicated time every day to paperwork, you will be viewed as a problem solver. You might include other strategies you used such as self-grading assignments whenever practical, which allowed students to assess their own work as you discussed the answers together in class. As a result, you can acknowledge that you learned to stay on top of your grading and needed a short time at the end of each period to compile the information. For new teachers, examples like this could come from student teaching experiences. Now an interviewer will see you as self-aware and reflective, both highly desirable attributes in a teacher. Corrected Weakness: Seeking advice Teachers are independent, but that can lead to isolation in problem solving, and some problems may necessitate advice from others.This is particularly true in dealing with confrontational situations such as dealing with an irate parent or a teachers aide who arrives late to your class every day. You might admit that you may have tried to solve some problems on your own, but upon reflection, felt it was necessary to seek the advice of others. You can explain how you found the teacher next door to you or an administrator was important in helping you address different kinds of uncomfortable confrontations. If you are an educator looking for first job, you may not have classroom experiences to use as examples. But dealing with confrontations is a life skill and not limited to the school building. In this case, you can provide examples of problem-solving confrontations you may have had at college or at another job. Seeking the advice of others shows that you can identify people or groups that can be resources instead of trying to tackle confrontational problems on your own. Self analysis Employers know job candidates have weaknesses, says Kent McAnally, director of career services at Washburn University. They want to know that we are doing the self-analysis to identify what ours are, he writes for the American Association for Employment in Education. Showing that you are taking steps to improve is essential to making a positive impression, but more importantly, it is essential for developing your personal and professional goals and development plans. And THAT is the real reason for the question. Tips to Master the Interview Be truthful.Do not try to guess what the interviewer wants to hear. Answer questions candidly and present your authentic self.Prepare for the question but do not let your answers sound coached.Remain positive as you explain how your weakness could be seen as a positive in the job.Avoid using negative words like â€Å"weak† and â€Å"failure.†Smile!